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波长 定义

In physics, the wavelength is the spatial period of a periodic wave. In other terms the distance over which the wave's shape repeats. It is the distance between consecutive corresponding points of the same phase on the wave, such as two adjacent crests, troughs, or zero crossings, and is a characteristic of both traveling waves and standing waves, as well as other spatial wave patterns. The inverse of the wavelength is called the spatial frequency. Wavelength is commonly designated by the Greek letter Lambda (Λ, λ). The term wavelength is also sometimes applied to modulated waves, and to the sinusoidal envelopes of modulated waves or waves formed by interference of several sinusoids.

假设正弦波以固定的波速移动，波长与波的频率成反比。这意味着频率较高的波具有较短的波长，而较低频率的波具有较长的波长。

波长取决于波通过的介质（例如真空、空气或水）。波的示例是声波、光、水波和导体中的周期性电信号。声波是气压的变化，而在光和其他电磁辐射中，电场和磁场的强度会发生变化。水波是水体高度的变化。在晶格振动中，原子位置会发生变化。

波动现象的波长或频率范围称为光谱。该名称起源于可见光谱，但现在可以应用于整个电磁光谱以及声谱或振动谱。

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