概述
The Celsius scale, otherwise known as the centigrade scale, is a temperature scale. As an SI derived unit, it is used worldwide. In contrast in the United States, the Bahamas, Belize, the Cayman Islands and Liberia, Fahrenheit (°F) remains the preferred scale for everyday temperature measurement. The degree Celsius can refer to a specific temperature on the Celsius scale or a unit to indicate a difference between two temperatures or an uncertainty.
歷史
攝氏刻度以瑞典天文學家安德斯攝氏 (1701-1744) 命名，在 1948 年更名為安德斯攝氏之前，該單位被稱為攝氏，來自拉丁語 centum，意思是 100，gradus，意思是步。
從 1743 年開始，攝氏標度以 0 攝氏度為基礎，水的冰點為 0 攝氏度，1 大氣壓下水的沸點為 100 攝氏度。在 1743 年之前，標度也是基於水的沸點和熔點，但數值相反（換句話說，沸點為 0 度，熔點為 100 度）。 Jean-Pierre Christin 提出了 1743 年的比例反轉。
By international agreement, between 1954 and 2019 the unit degree Celsius and the Celsius scale were defined by absolute zero and the triple point of Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW), a precisely defined water standard. This definition also precisely related the Celsius scale to the Kelvin (K) scale, which defines the SI base unit of thermodynamic temperature with symbol K. Absolute zero, the lowest temperature possible, is defined as being exactly 0 K and −273.15 °C. Until 19 May 2019, the temperature of the triple point of water was defined as exactly 273.16 K (0.01 °C). This means that a temperature difference of one degree Celsius and that of one kelvin are exactly the same.
On 20 May 2019, the kelvin was redefined so that its value is now determined by the definition of the Boltzmann constant rather than being defined by the triple point of VSMOW. This means that the triple point is now a measured value, not a defined value. The newly-defined exact value of the Boltzmann constant was selected so that the measured value of the VSMOW triple point is exactly the same as the older defined value to within the limits of accuracy of contemporary metrology. The degree Celsius remains exactly equal to the kelvin, and 0 K remains exactly −273.15 °C.
常見溫度
絕對零（精確）：-273.15 °C
液氮沸點：-195.80 °C
乾冰昇華點：-78℃
攝氏度和華氏度的交點：-40 °C
H2O（純淨冰）的熔點：-0.0001 °C
室溫（NIST 標準）：20 °C
正常人體體溫（平均）：37℃
1 atm (101.325 kPa) 時的水沸點（近似值：見沸點）：99.9839 °C
轉換公式
以下是用於轉換攝氏度或攝氏度的轉換公式:
從攝氏 |
到攝氏度 |
|
德萊爾 |
[°De] = (([°C] × 1.5) - 100) |
[°C] = (([°De] + 100) ÷ 1.5) |
華氏度 |
[°F] = (([°C] × (9⁄5)) + 32) |
[°C] = (([°F] - 32) × (5⁄9)) |
牛頓 |
[°N] = ([°C] × 0.33) |
[°C] = ([°N] ÷ 0.33) |
蘭金 |
[°Ra] = (([°C] + 273.15) × (9⁄5)) |
[°C] = (([°Ra] - 491.67) × (5⁄9)) |
雷烏穆爾 |
[°Re] = ([°C] × 0.8) |
[°C] = ([°Re] ÷ 0.8) |
羅默 |
[°Rø] = (([°C] × 0.525) + 7.5) |
[°C] = (([°Rø] - 7.5) ÷ 0.525) |
開爾文 |
[K] = ([°C] + 273.15) |
[°C] = ([K] - 273.15) |
其他溫度單位定義
轉換為另一個溫度單位
免責聲明
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來源
“Celsius.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 30 Mar. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius.