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Pascal (Pa) Unit Definition
The pascal is the unit of pressure in the International System of Units (SI). It is also used to quantify internal pressure, stress, Young's modulus, and ultimate tensile strength. The pascal is a SI coherent derived unit defined as one newton per square meter (N/m2). The pascal is represented by the symbol Pa.
The unit, named after Blaise Pascal, is also equivalent to 10 barye (Ba) in the CGS system. Common multiple units of the pascal are the hectopascal (hPa), which is equal to one millibar (mbar), and the kilopascal (kPa), which is equal to one centibar (cbar).
The unit of measurement called atmosphere standard (atm) is defined as 101,325 pascal. Meteorological observations typically report atmospheric pressure in hectopascals (hPa) per the recommendation of the World Meteorological Organization. Thus a standard atmosphere (atm) or typical sea-level air pressure is about 1013 hectopascals (hPa). Reports in the United States typically use inches of mercury (in Hg) or millibars (mbar). In Canada these reports are given in kilopascals (kPa).
SI Multiples
A table of various pressure pascal units derived from SI multiples:
Submultiples |
Multiples |
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Scientific Notation |
Value |
Prefix |
Name |
Scientific Notation |
Value |
Prefix |
Name |
10-1 Pa |
0.1 Pa |
Deci (d) | Decipascal (dPa) | 101 Pa |
10 Pa |
Deca (da) | Decapascal (daPa) |
10-2 Pa |
0.01 Pa |
Centi (c) | Centipascal (cPa) | 102 Pa |
100 Pa |
Hecto (h) | Hectopascal (hPa) |
10-3 Pa |
0.001 Pa |
Milli (m) | Millipascal (mPa) | 103 Pa |
1000 Pa |
Kilo (k) | Kilopascal (kPa) |
10-6 Pa |
0.000001 Pa |
Micro (µ) | Micropascal (µPa) | 106 Pa |
1000000 Pa |
Mega (M) | Megapascal (MPa) |
10-9 Pa |
0.000000001 Pa |
Nano (n) | Nanopascal (nPa) | 109 Pa |
1000000000 Pa |
Giga (G) | Gigapascal (GPa) |
10-12 Pa |
0.000000000001 Pa |
Pico (p) | Picopascal (pPa) | 1012 Pa |
1000000000000 Pa |
Tera (T) | Terapascal (TPa) |
10-15 Pa |
0.000000000000001 Pa |
Femto (f) | Femtopascal (fPa) | 1015 Pa |
1000000000000000 Pa |
Peta (P) | Petapascal (PPa) |
10-18 Pa |
0.000000000000000001 Pa |
Atto (a) | Attopascal (aPa) | 1018 Pa |
1000000000000000000 Pa |
Exa (E) | Exapascal (EPa) |
10-21 Pa |
0.000000000000000000001 Pa |
Zepto (z) | Zeptopascal (zPa) | 1021 Pa |
1000000000000000000000 Pa |
Zetta (Z) | Zettapascal (ZPa) |
10-24 Pa |
0.000000000000000000000001 Pa |
Yocto (y) | Yoctopascal (yPa) | 1024 Pa |
1000000000000000000000000 Pa |
Yotta (Y) | Yottapascal (YPa) |
10-27 Pa |
0.000000000000000000000000001 Pa |
Ronto (r) | Rontopascal (rPa) | 1027 Pa |
1000000000000000000000000000 Pa |
Ronna (R) | Ronnapascal (RPa) |
10-30 Pa |
0.000000000000000000000000000001 Pa |
Quecto (q) | Quectopascal (qPa) | 1030 Pa |
1000000000000000000000000000000 Pa |
Quetta (Q) | Quettapascal (QPa) |
Other Pressure Unit Definitions
Atmosphere Standard (atm)
Atmosphere Technical (atm)
- Attobar (abar)
- Attopascal (aPa)
- Attotorr (aTorr)
- Bar (bar)
Barad (Ba)
Barye (Ba)
- Centibar (cbar)
Centihg (cHg)
Centimeter Mercury 0 °C (cm Hg)
Centimeter Water 4 °C (cm H2O)
Centimeter of Mercury 0 °C (cm Hg)
Centimeter of Water 4 °C (cm H2O)
- Centipascal (cPa)
- Centitorr (cTorr)
- Decabar (dabar)
- Decapascal (daPa)
- Decatorr (daTorr)
- Decibar (dbar)
- Decipascal (dPa)
- Decitorr (dTorr)
- Dekabar (dabar)
- Dekapascal (daPa)
- Dekatorr (daTorr)
Dyne (dyn)
- Exabar (Ebar)
- Exapascal (EPa)
- Exatorr (ETorr)
- Femtobar (fbar)
- Femtopascal (fPa)
- Femtotorr (fTorr)
Foot Mercury 0 °C (ft Hg)
Foot Water 4 °C (ft H2O)
Foot of Air 0 °C (ft air)
Foot of Air 15 °C (ft air)
Foot of Head (ft head)
Foot of Mercury 0 °C (ft Hg)
Foot of Water 4 °C (ft H2O)
- Gigabar (Gbar)
- Gigapascal (GPa)
- Gigatorr (GTorr)
- Gram (g)
- Hectobar (hbar)
- Hectopascal (hPa)
- Hectotorr (hTorr)
Inch Water 4 °C (in H2O)
Inch of Air 0 °C (in air)
Inch of Air 15 °C (in air)
Inch of Mercury 0 °C (in Hg)
Inch of Water 4 °C (in H2O)
Inch of Water Column (in wc)
- Kilobar (kbar)
- Kilogram (kg)
Kilogram-Force (kgf)
- Kilonewton (kN)
- Kilopascal (kPa)
Kilopond (kp)
- Kilotorr (kTorr)
Kip (kip)
- Megabar (Mbar)
- Meganewton (MN)
- Megapascal (MPa)
- Megatorr (MTorr)
Meter of Air 0 °C (m air)
Meter of Air 15 °C (m air)
Meter of Head (m head)
- Microbar (μbar)
Micrometer of Mercury 0 °C (μm Hg)
Micrometer of Water 4 °C (μm H2O)
Micron Mercury 0 °C (μm Hg)
Micron of Mercury 0 °C (μm Hg)
- Micropascal (μPa)
- Microtorr (μTorr)
- Millibar (mbar)
Millihg (mHg)
Millimeter Water 4 °C (mm H2O)
Millimeter of Mercury 0 °C (mm Hg)
Millimeter of Water 4 °C (mm H2O)
- Millipascal (mPa)
- Millitorr (mTorr)
- Nanobar (nbar)
- Nanopascal (nPa)
- Nanotorr (nTorr)
- Newton (N)
Ounce (oz)
- Pascal (Pa)
- Petabar (Pbar)
- Petapascal (PPa)
- Petatorr (PTorr)
- Picobar (pbar)
- Picopascal (pPa)
- Picotorr (pTorr)
Pièze (pz)
Pound (lb)
Poundal (pdl)
- Quectobar (qbar)
- Quectopascal (qPa)
- Quectotorr (qTorr)
- Quettabar (Qbar)
- Quettapascal (QPa)
- Quettatorr (QTorr)
- Ronnabar (Rbar)
- Ronnapascal (RPa)
- Ronnatorr (RTorr)
- Rontobar (rbar)
- Rontopascal (rPa)
- Rontotorr (rTorr)
Sthène (sn)
Technical Atmosphere (at)
- Terabar (Tbar)
- Terapascal (TPa)
- Teratorr (TTorr)
Ton (t)
Ton Long (t)
Ton Short (t)
- Torr (Torr)
Water Column Centimeter (wccm)
Water Column Inch (wcin)
Water Column Millimeter (wcmm)
- Yoctobar (ybar)
- Yoctopascal (yPa)
- Yoctotorr (yTorr)
- Yottabar (Ybar)
- Yottapascal (YPa)
- Yottatorr (YTorr)
- Zeptobar (zbar)
- Zeptopascal (zPa)
- Zeptotorr (zTorr)
- Zettabar (Zbar)
- Zettapascal (ZPa)
- Zettatorr (ZTorr)
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Related Definitions
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Sources
“Pascal (unit).” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 4 Sept. 2023, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal_(unit).