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加权平均 定义

The weighted average or weighted arithmetic mean is similar to an ordinary arithmetic mean (the most common type of average), except that instead it is used in computing a kind of arithmetic mean of a set of numbers in which some elements of the set carry more importance (weight, frequency, or relative importance) than others. The notion of weighted mean plays a role in descriptive statistics and also occurs in a more general form in several other areas of mathematics.

如果所有权重都相等，则加权平均值与算术平均值相同。虽然加权平均值的行为通常与算术平均值类似，但它们确实具有一些违反直觉的特性，例如在 Simpson 悖论 中就体现了这一点。