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加權平均 定義

The weighted average or weighted arithmetic mean is similar to an ordinary arithmetic mean (the most common type of average), except that instead it is used in computing a kind of arithmetic mean of a set of numbers in which some elements of the set carry more importance (weight, frequency, or relative importance) than others. The notion of weighted mean plays a role in descriptive statistics and also occurs in a more general form in several other areas of mathematics.

如果所有權重都相等，則加權平均值與算術平均值相同。雖然加權平均值的行為通常與算術平均值類似，但它們確實具有一些違反直覺的特性，例如在 Simpson 悖論 中就體現了這一點。